Opening on 17 June 2016, the new Tate Modern will be a model for museums in the 21st century. Designed by internationally renowned architects Herzog & de Meuron, a spectacular new building will add 60% more space and will open up the museum to the area around it. It will be Britain’s most important new cultural building for almost 20 years, and will complete the site’s transformation into an accessible public forum.

Con la inauguración del 17 de junio de 2016, la nueva Tate Modern será un modelo para los museos en el siglo XXI. Diseñada por los conocidos arquitectos Herzog y de Meuron, el nuevo edificio añadirá un 60% mas de espacio y se abrirá al barrio circundante. El nuevo edificio será la instución cultural más importante de Gran Bretaña levantada en los últimos 20 años, y completará la transformación de la zona en un foro público accesible.

Tate Modern changed London when it first opened in 2000. Herzog & de Meuron transformed the derelict Bankside Power Station into a home for the UK’s collection of international modern and contemporary art, sparking local regeneration and creating a new landmark on the Thames. The power station’s original Boiler House was converted into galleries, learning studios and social spaces, while its Turbine Hall was turned into a huge open space for special commissions and events. Tate Modern quickly became the world’s most popular museum of modern art, attracting around 5 million visitors each year – more than double the number for which it was designed – while its collection grew to encompass a huge variety of art from around the world.

2016 marks the next phase in Tate Modern’s evolution, with the opening of a new 10-storey building to the south of the Turbine Hall on the site of the power station’s former Switch House. The new Switch House building is rooted in the cylindrical underground Tanks, each measuring over 30 metres across and providing the world’s first museum spaces dedicated to live art, installation and film. They form the physical foundations of the Switch House and the conceptual starting point for it, offering new kinds of spaces for a new kind of museum. Above them are three additional floors of world-class galleries with a wide palette of volumes, from intimate small-scale environments to dramatic top-lit spaces. They are complemented by extensive areas dedicated to learning and interpretation, as well as a new restaurant, bar and Members Room, topped with a public terrace offering 360-degree panoramic views of London. A new bridge across the Turbine Hall joins the existing Boiler House galleries on Level 4 to the new Switch House galleries, uniting both sides with the Turbine Hall at its heart.

The Switch House arranges the new spaces into a unique pyramid-shaped tower, with its concrete structure folding into dramatic lines as it rises. Reinterpreting the power station’s brickwork in a radical new way, it is clad in a perforated lattice of 336,000 bricks. This unique façade allows light to filter in during the day and to glow out in the evening, transforming a solid, massive material into a veil that covers the concrete skeleton of the new building. Thin vertical windows in the new galleries echo those in the Boiler House, while also allowing visitors to look out over the landscape or across the Turbine Hall. As visitors journey up through the Switch House, long horizontal windows are also cut across the façade to offer new views and reveal details of the brickwork. The resulting exterior creates both an iconic addition to the skyline and a unified Tate Modern. It also puts environmental sustainability at the heart of its design, with a high thermal mass, natural ventilation, solar panels and new green spaces.

Reuniting the team who developed the original Tate Modern, Herzog & de Meuron have worked with Vogt Landscape Architects and designer Jasper Morrison. Two new public squares are being developed around the site, while the footprint of the Tanks is echoed in a large terrace opening out from the new southern entrance. Specially-selected furniture by Jasper Morrison will complete the interior of the building, responding to its varied architecture from the galleries and concourses to the restaurants and bars.

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La Tate Modern cambió Londres cuando se abrió por primera vez en el año 2000. Herzog y de Meuron transformaron la abandonada central eléctrica de Bankside en una hogar para la colección de arte moderno y contemporáneo internacional del Reino Unido, lo que provocó la regeneración local y la creación de un nuevo punto de referencia en el Támesis. La Boiler House o zona de calderas de la central eléctrica fue convertida en galerías, estudios y espacios sociales de aprendizaje, mientras que su sala de turbinas se convirtió en un enorme espacio abierto para los encargos y eventos especiales. La Tate Modern se convirtió rápidamente en uno de los museos más populares del mundo del arte moderno, que atrae a alrededor de cinco millones de visitantes cada año - más del doble del aforo para el que fue diseñado - mientras que su colección creció hasta abarcar una gran variedad de arte de todo el mundo.

2016 marca la siguiente fase en la evolución de la Tate Modern, con la apertura de un nuevo edificio de 10 plantas en el sur de la Sala de Turbinas en el sitio de la Switch House. El nuevo edificio de la Switch House tiene sus raíces en los tanques subterráneos cilíndricos, en el que cada uno mide más de 30 metros de diámetro y proporcionar espacios fundamentales para el museo dedicados a vivir el arte, instalaciones y cine. Se forman las bases físicas de Switch House y el punto de partida conceptual para ofrecer nuevos tipos de espacios, en un nuevo tipo de museo. Por encima de ellos se encuentran tres plantas adicionales de galerías expositivas con una amplia gama de volúmenes, que varia en escalas desde pequeños ambientes íntimos a espacios-top iluminados dramaticamente. Todos se complementan con extensas áreas dedicadas al aprendizaje y la interpretación, así como un nuevo restaurante, bar y una Members Room, rematada con una terraza pública que ofrece vistas panorámicas de 360 ​​grados sobre Londres. Un nuevo puente a través de la Sala de Turbinas une las galerías con la sala de calderas existentes en el nivel 4 en las nuevas galerías de la Switch House, uniendo las dos piezas con la Sala de Turbinas en el centro.

La  Switch House tiene nuevos espacios en una torre única en forma de pirámide, con sus líneas estructurales de hormigon plegadas dramáticamente a medida que se elevan. La reinterpretación radical de ladrillo de la central en una nueva forma radical, se forma con el revestimiento de un látex perforado de 336.000 ladrillos. Esta fachada única permite filtrar la luz durante el día y que brille en la noche, la transformación de un material sólido, masivo, en un velo que cubre el esqueleto de hormigón del nuevo edificio. Las ventanas verticales delgadas en las nuevas galerías son el eco de las que están en la sala de calderas, mientras que también permite a los visitantes mirar hacia fuera sobre el paisaje o al otro lado de la sala de turbinas. Como visitantes el viaje a través de la Switch House, con ventanas horizontales largas que también son transversales a la fachada ofrecen nuevos puntos de vista y revelan detalles de la mampostería. El exterior resultante crea una adición que es tanto icónica por su ubicación en la línea del horizonte, como unificadora de la Tate Modern. También se pone la sostenibilidad del medio ambiente en el centro de su diseño, con una alta masa térmica, ventilación natural, paneles solares y nuevos espacios verdes.

El equipo al completo que desarrolló la Tate Modern original, Herzog y de Meuron han trabajado con Vogt Arquitectos y el diseñador Jasper Morrison. Dos nuevas plazas públicas se están desarrollando en la zona, mientras que la huella de los tanques se refleja en una gran terraza visible desde la nueva entrada sur. Muebles especialmente seleccionados por Jasper Morrison completará el interior del edificio, en respuesta a la variada arquitectura de las nuevas galerías y salas de espera de los restaurantes y bares.
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Herzog & de Meuron Architekten is a Swiss architecture firm, founded and headquartered in Basel, Switzerland in 1978. The careers of founders and senior partners Jacques Herzog (born 1950), and Pierre de Meuron (born 1950), closely paralleled one another, with both attending the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zürich. They are perhaps best known for their conversion of the giant Bankside Power Station in London to the new home of the Tate Museum of Modern Art (2000). Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron have been visiting professors at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design since 1994 (and in 1989) and professors at ETH Zürich since 1999. They are co-founders of the ETH Studio Basel – Contemporary City Institute, which started a research programme on processes of transformation in the urban domain.

Herzog & de Meuron is a partnership led by five Senior Partners – Jacques Herzog, Pierre de Meuron, Christine Binswanger, Ascan Mergenthaler and Stefan Marbach. An international team of 38 Associates and about 362 collaborators.

Herzog & de Meuron received international attention very early in their career with the Blue House in Oberwil, Switzerland (1980); the Stone House in Tavole, Italy (1988); and the Apartment Building along a Party Wall in Basel (1988).  The firm’s breakthrough project was the Ricola Storage Building in Laufen, Switzerland (1987).  Renown in the United States came with Dominus Winery in Yountville, California (1998). The Goetz Collection, a Gallery for a Private Collection of Modern Art in Munich (1992), stands at the beginning of a series of internationally acclaimed museum buildings such as the Küppersmühle Museum for the Grothe Collection in Duisburg, Germany (1999). Their most recognized buildings include Prada Aoyama in Tokyo, Japan (2003); Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany (2005); the new Cottbus Library for the BTU Cottbus, Germany (2005); the National Stadium Beijing, the Main Stadium for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China; VitraHaus, a building to present Vitra’s “Home Collection“, Weil am Rhein, Germany (2010); and 1111 Lincoln Road, a multi-storey mixed-use structure for parking, retail, a restaurant and a private residence in Miami Beach, Florida, USA (2010), the Actelion Business Center in Allschwil/Basel, Switzerland (2010). In recent years, Herzog & de Meuron have also completed projects such as the New Hall for Messe Basel Switzerland (2013), the Ricola Kräuterzentrum in Laufen (2014), which is the seventh building in a series of collaborations with Ricola, with whom Herzog & de Meuron began to work in the 1980s; and the Naturbad Riehen (2014), a public natural swimming pool. In April 2014, the practice completed its first project in Brazil: the Arena do Morro in the neighbourhood of Mãe Luiza, Natal, is the pioneering project within the wider urban proposal “A Vision for Mãe Luiza”.

Herzog & de Meuron have completed 6 projects since the beginning of 2015: a new mountain station including a restaurant on top of the Chäserrugg (2262 metres above sea level) in Toggenburg, Switzerland; Helsinki Dreispitz, a residential development and archive in Münchenstein/Basel, Switzerland; Asklepios 8 – an office building on the Novartis Campus in Basel, Switzerland; the Slow Food Pavilion for Expo 2015 in Milan, Italy; the new Bordeaux stadium, a 42’000 seat multifunctional stadium for Bordeaux, France; Miu Miu Aoyama, a 720 m² boutique for the Prada-owned brand located on Miyuki Street, across the road from Prada Aoyama, Tokyo, Japan.

In many projects the architects have worked together with artists, an eminent example of that practice being the collaboration with Rémy Zaugg, Thomas Ruff and with Michael Craig-Martin.

Professionally, the Herzog & de Meuron partnership has grown to become an office with over 120 people worldwide. In addition to their headquarters in Basel, they have offices in London, Munich and San Francisco. Herzog has explained, “We work in teams, but the teams are not permanent. We rearrange them as new projects begin. All of the work results from discussions between Pierre and me, as well as our other partners, Harry Gugger and Christine Binswanger. The work by various teams may involve many different talents to achieve the best results which is a final product called architecture by Herzog & de Meuron.”

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Published on: May 24, 2016
Cite: "Tate Modern Switch House by Herzog & de Meuron" METALOCUS. Accessed
<http://www.metalocus.es/en/news/tate-modern-switch-house-herzog-de-meuron> ISSN 1139-6415
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