The San Pedro Martir Theologate Set, one of the most representative works of Miguel Fisac started in 1955, is a commission that comes from the hand of the Dominican Fathers after having made with them the Apostolic College of Valladolid in 1952. Located on Avenida de Burgos, 204, on the edge of the Northeast Highway A-1 in Madrid, gives it a strategic location of claim and prominence. To this site is added some very specific program premises, which lead the author to make project decisions not seen to date and with brilliant results.

The conditions imposed on Miguel Fisac for this project included a church and a convent where teacher parents, young theologians and students would all live together, each having a private and differentiated space, and converging only in the common areas and the classrooms and learning zones. To this particular program is added the peculiar preconditions of location: between the access to Madrid by the road of France and the Valdebebas stream, in an isolated area with a certain slope.

The answer given by Fisac is a set of pieces arranged orthogonally and ordered towards the bottom, locating the different pavilions in a hierarchical way: teacher parents in the first place, young parents in second and finally the students, who formed too the Chorus of the Theologate. These two first sections are where the main activities of the convent are carried out, embracing a common garden that invites contemplation.

The main element, which crowns the Set and breaks this organization is therefore the church. With this Fisac had to solve a very specific situation: get to locate around a single altar to the choir of the church and the parishioners, but separately. The final solution was to organize the plant around two branches of hyperbola symmetrically opposed to each other, which constrict the space in the central point where the altar is located. Thus, one side of it is occupied by up to 300 choristers, while the other serves 700 religious. The altarpiece itself, raised on seven steps and receiving a powerful overhead light from the roof, embraces a suspended Christ, made by the sculptor Pablo Serrano.

With this amount of resources a dynamic space is created, making everything flow towards the altar, turning it into the structuring piece of space. The route to it is interpreted as the way to Christ: access to the church is from a previous space and located on a side, dark, which aims to accustom the rest of the space and lead back to the light at the time of access to the main space. The secondary lighting is supported by vineyards located on the side walls, with shades that vary throughout the space, contribution in part by the artist  Adolf Winterlich.

The exterior of the church and its surrounding area also deserve special mention: the brick and exposed concrete combined with the stained glass windows are joined by a frieze carved in stone by the sculptress Susana Polack. Together with the church and on its closest side to the road, we are surprised by a concrete tower crowned with a "tangled" prism based on bent steel bars, housing inside a neon cross that can be seen at night, all this work of the own Fisac. This tower is the great milestone of the Set, visible from the road and acting as a claim to the church.

In this work, Fisac responds in an opposite way to the imposed needs: with the dynamism that it already investigated in the previous work for the Dominican Fathers in Valladolid and with the will to concentrate the tensions and the expressiveness in the representative places, while the rest of the set is governed by an orthogonal rationality.
 
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Architects
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Miguel Fisac Serna (1963)

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Collaborators
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Pablo Serrano (sculptor), Susana Polack (sculptress), Adolf Winterlinch (painter), Jose María de Labra (painter)

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Client
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Dominican Fathers

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Dates
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Project.- 1955 Opening.- 1960

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Location
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Avenida de Burgos, 204. 28050, Madrid. Spain

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Photography
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Miguel Fisac ​​Serna, born in 1913 in Daimiel, Ciudad Real and died in 2006 in Madrid. He was an essential figure in Spanish architecture in the second half of the twentieth century. He enrolled at the School of Architecture in Madrid, and after hectic studies interrupted by the civil war, in 1942 he graduated with the end of his career award from the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando.

He was always interested in vernacular architecture. In addition, he was inspired by the Nordic organicism of Gunnar Asplund's work that together with Frank Lloyd Wright will influence his concept of architecture.

His first project was commissioned by the CSIC; He transformed the old auditorium of the "Colina de los Chopos" in Madrid in the Capilla del Espíritu Santo.

Miguel Fisac ​​in his career projected numerous religious works. Its ecclesial production stands out for the personal interpretation of religious aesthetics, the use of light and the spatial dynamism and poetics in its forms, with curved walls, converging and tensioned surfaces.
The Parroquia de Santa Ana in Madrid (1965) is considered one of the most important projects. Built in exposed concrete, it manifests an atmosphere of humble simplicity.

His architectural style evolved in relation to the new materials of the time. From abstract classicism, to brick, to the exclusive use of concrete. Fisac ​​researched a lot about this material and patented his “bone beams”. Prefabricated pieces of prestressed concrete that allowed to obtain large lights and control lighting. In 1960 they were used for the first time, in the construction of the Centro de Estudios Hidrográficos in Madrid.

Later, he experimented with various techniques to give texture to concrete, including in his work a more emotional character. His dissatisfaction with the limits of traditional wooden formwork, led him to patent, in 1973, an innovative solution for the time: the "flexible formwork" that could be implemented in the Mupag Rehabilitation Center (Madrid) and in many others later works.

His activity was not reduced only to the field of construction, but his creative ability led him to write articles, books, and design furniture. He made exhibitions, also of art presenting 60 of his paintings in Madrid.

Miguel Fisac ​​built more than 350 projects, including the emblematic "Pagoda" in Madrid, which unfortunately was demolished in 1999. On the contrary, many of his works are protected and cataloged. Some examples are the Church of Pumarejo de Tera (Zamora), the Church of the Apostolic College of the Dominican Fathers (Valladolid), and in Madrid works such as the Parish Center of Santa María Magdalena (1966) or the IBM Building (1967).

All these activities culminate with the obtaining in 1994 of the Gold Medal of Architecture, and three years after the Antonio Camuñas Prize. In 2002 he received the National Architecture Award. Since 2006, the College of Architects of Ciudad Real manages the Fisac ​​Foundation that is responsible for cataloging all documentation, as well as promoting and safeguarding the work of the Spanish architect, urban planner and painter.

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Published on: October 9, 2018
Cite: "The San Pedro Mártir Theologate Set of the Dominican Fathers by Miguel Fisac" METALOCUS. Accessed
<http://www.metalocus.es/en/news/san-pedro-martir-theologate-set-dominican-fathers-miguel-fisac> ISSN 1139-6415
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