The future museum building is both testimony to the past – it retains the central gable of the locomotive shed – and a modern architectural gesture towards the future. The choice of brick for the external cladding of the museum is further witness to the site’s industrial history, as well as accentuating the contrast between the two facades: the smooth, monolithic railway track side and the side giving onto the square, with tall, slender pilasters framing openings and setting up a vibration between light and shade that connects the museum with the public arena and the city.
The basement is home to the reserves and the utility and storage areas. On the ground floor a majestic lobby incorporates the projecting apse of the historic concourse and houses services including a restaurant, bookshop/boutique, auditorium and a cultural liaison space. The two upper floors are entirely devoted to the artworks, with one wing containing 1,700 square metres for the permanent collection and the other 1,300 square metres for temporary exhibitions. Each wing has both high and low rooms, respectively with 4.5- and 5.5-metre ceilings and combining top and lateral lighting.
In addition, the ground floor will include a “project space” offering a regular programme as an experimental contemporary workshop/exhibition venue for local and international artists, and a “spotlight space” providing updates on the collection. Knowledge exists to be shared, which is why the new building is also home to the collection and the staff of the Toms Pauli Foundation for textile art and the offices and archives of the Félix Vallotton Foundation.
Description of project by Barozzi / Veiga
In 2011 Barozzi/Veiga won the international competition for the masterplan of the new Art district in Lausanne, Switzerland – Platform 10 – and the design of the Fine Arts Museum.
Located in the city centre, the project proposed a master plan for the city´s three main museums: the Museum of Fine Arts MCB-A, the Museum of Contemporary Design and Applied Arts MUDAC and the Photography Museum Musée de l’Elysée.
The site of more than 2 hectares, near the central train station, was mostly occupied by an old 19th century train hall and some other industrial buildings.
As an urban strategy, the projects implement a new structuring void, a new public plaza around which the museums gravitate. The void stretches along the site and integrates the buildings in the scale of the city fabric and, by connecting to the existing train station plaza, installs them in continuity of the city´s public space. The architecture becomes the frame of the urban life of the city, the container of the new public plaza.
The new Museum of Fine Arts takes place on the site’s southern edge as a longitudinal monolithic volume, parallel to the rails. Like the train station, it defines an urban space while protecting it from the trains’ nuisances.
Embracing this condition, the Museum of Fine Arts, the biggest of the three museums, carries and expresses the memory of the site, echoing to the former industrial condition of the site with pragmatic forms, rigorous geometry and hard, sharp lines. The MCBA is specific to its site, it tries to establish a link with a certain atmosphere, to anchor it in the city in both space and history.
The opportunity to create an urban void led to demolition of part of the existing train hall. However, the preservation of the memory of a place is achieved through the preservation of fragments. The project preserves part of the original hall and transforms it as a central piece of the project. In a very classical relationship, the new building of the MCBA acts as a background highlighting the presence of the old arched window as a fragment, a protuberance and main protagonist of the building from the rails.
The overall building is relatively hermetic , to protect the collections of the museum, and hence has a closed, introverted façade to the rails, on the south, and a more open, permeable, animated façade on the north.
The ground floor was developed as the extension of the public plaza and thus shelters the main social programs, of the café, bookshop, entrance, auditoriums etc. Once within the foyer, the saved fragment reveals its full role as a substantial structuring component of the new MCBA. Here the carved arch resonates with the tranquil, double height space of the foyer and connects it with the view of the train tracks. It also structures the program, organizing the main circulation to the upper floors, and separating the permanent and temporary exhibitions.
The complexity of the program is solved in a very simple and synthetic way, five cores structure the program at every level but also help as a structural constructive elements and contain the form of the building.
The upper floor is bathed in natural light coming from, modular trapezoidal skylights oriented north, diffusing the light and offering optimal lighting conditions for the art.
The museum is organized on three floors connected by the continuous void of the foyer that structures the circulation.
On the ground floor contains all the social functions of the program: foyer, bookshop, restaurant, auditorium and temporary gallery for contemporary art. The façade on that level is very porous, for these internal functions to be in continuity with the exterior public space of the plaza. On the higher levels, on both sides of the foyer, are organized the exhibition spaces. The permanent gallery in the East is separated from the temporary gallery in the West, and can be visited together or in parallel thanks to independent vertical circulations, allowing future comprehensive exhibitions as well as smaller capsule collections. The connection in the permanent exhibition is conceived as a social and event space, a staircase as an auditorium for smaller lectures or inaugurations.
The building offers two facades, one opaque to the south and a more open and animated to the north, creating a dialogue with the new plaza. The North façade’s light exposure is minimized by deep vertical fins in between which are pierced tall and large windows. The fins are designed to prevent direct sunlight from ever entering the light-sensitive zones of the building. The upper floor is naturally lit from north oriented modular sheds designed to filter and adjust the solar light. The sheds possess an internal system of blinds to allow a meticulous control of the amount of light entering the rooms as well as the possibility of a dimmed atmosphere.
The brick facades evoke the industrial history of the site and offer a texture, a vibrant pattern to the monolith. On the plaza, the vertical blinds’ rhythm break the massiveness of the monolith and reveal the openings. At night, the blinds serve as a canvas to diffuse the light coming from the museum, transforming the façade to the plaza.
The founding idea of the plazas’ urban design is to create an exterior public space in dialogue with the museums. Like the buildings, it integrates fragments of its industrial past, the rails and the turning plate. Some tall trees will also be planted in order to reinforce its place in the public space continuum with the train station plaza.
