On the occasion of the centenary of the extraordinary Bauhaus school almost four years ago, at METALOCUS we carried out an intense and almost titanic investigation (due to the difficulties and lack of information that we find ourselves in many cases) to signify, remember and put back in value (for a necessary n-th time) a large part of the figures that made the school a universal benchmark of the 20th century.

Among the articles produced, it is necessary to highlight those dedicated to a large number of female architects, including Lilly Reich, Wera Meyer-Waldeck, Gunta Stölzl, Alma Siedhoff-Buscher, Lucia Schulz/Lucia Moholy, Lotte Stam-Beese and Friedl Dicker- Brandeis, from which in recent months three Austrian exhibitions are recovering the value of their work from different perspectives.
The last of the exhibitions, on the work of Friedl Dicker- Brandeis, is held at the Wien Museum MUSA, until March 26, "Studio Bauhaus, Vienna. Friedl Dicker and Franz Singer" focusing on analyzing his time at the Bauhaus and presenting his joint work with the also architect Franz Singer with al Finishing his studies in 1923, he founded the Werkstätten Bildender Kunst or "Visual Arts Workshops" in Berlin together with Franz Singer, a former Bauhaus colleague, to later create a joint studio in Vienna.


Activity Room in the Municipal Montessori Kindergarten at the Goethehof, around 1931. Bauhaus-Archiv Berlin.

The exhibition presents a huge compilation of original material with axonometric drawings, models, furniture, photographs and numerous collages. As Wien Museum MUSA curator Andreas Nierhaus comments, the compilation has been a laborious process given that "The studio's most important projects were destroyed during the Nazi period, but its archive was miraculously preserved."

Among the works on display, two projects to which we paid special attention in 2019 stand out: Hans Heller's private tennis club with little-known plans and photographs, showing the interesting abstract composition that makes the central cylinder the protagonist that would later crystallize, and never better. said, in the project for the residence of Countess Hildegard von Auersperg where the staircase with curved glass walls stands out in a special way, of which plans and photographs are also presented.


Tennis Club House Heller, 1928. Fotograph by Pfitzner-Haus. Bauhaus-Archiv Berlin.

The exhibition also features completed projects such as Lore Kriser & Co's couture salon and a Montessori kindergarten. Singer and Dicker-Brandeis worked for clients belonging to a new modern bourgeoisie, mostly Jewish intellectuals and artists who sought to present themselves through modern spaces that differentiated them from traditional styles.

The convulsive situation in the 1930s complicated the professional and affective relationship of the Singer and Dicker-Brandeis couple. Dicker-Brandeis was associated with the Communist Party and she would be jailed for forging passports for her colleagues. Following her release from prison, Dicker-Brandeis would increase her commitment by designing propaganda posters for the Communist Party. His black and white photo collages criticized the living conditions of the working class, warned of the imminent Nazi threat and condemned the consequences of the crisis of capitalism as ways that facilitated totalitarianism, the arrival of the New Deal in the United States after the crisis of 1929 was a good example.

Her large-format Dada photomontages used images of Adolf Hitler, (which can be seen on one of the eight glass plate negatives on display), while others depicted the restrictive role of women in industrial society.

The growing and suffocating rise of fascism in Austria would end up causing the separation of the couple. Dicker-Brandeis would move to Czechoslovakia in 1933, where she married her cousin, Pavel Brandeis. Singer move to London in 1934 where he would find a foothold and continue his work.


Wien Museum MUSA, Atelier Bauhaus, Wien. Friedl Dicker und Franz Singer, Ausstellungsansicht, 2022. Photograph by TimTom.

Friedl Dicker taught at the school and continued to create avant-garde art in Prague, sharing his knowledge of how to use art as therapy, and also helping some of his students, children fleeing from Nazi Germany, cope with their traumatic experiences.

Friedl Dicker would be deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp in 1942, where she continued to teach children drawing. In October 1944 she tries to reunite with her husband and she volunteers to make the trip to Auschwitz where she was murdered. Several suitcases would be left behind from this tremendous period with almost 5,000 children's drawings and collages, a reflection of her generosity and also of her enormous brilliance.

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Curators
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Katharina Hövelmann, Andreas Nierhaus, Georg Schrom.
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Venue / Adress
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Wien Museum. MUSA. Felderstraße 6–8, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
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Dates
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24 November 2022 to 26 March 2023.
Tuesday to Sunday and public holidays, 10 a.m. to 6.p.m.
 
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Exhibition design
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Georg Schrom.
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Graphic Design
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Bueronardin.
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Friedl Dicker (Vienna, July 30, 1898-Auschwitz, October 9, 1944). She began her studies, 1914, in photography and printing techniques at the Graphic Arts Research Institute. The following year, she became interested in the textile world entering the Faculty of fabrics of the Royal School of Applied Arts in Vienna. In 1916 she entered the private art school of Johannes Itten, who will be one of the protagonists of the future Bauhaus.

Three years later (1919), she entered the Bauhaus school in Weimar where she continued his apprenticeship. There she carried out works of textile design, and binding and participated in typography workshops. She designed the costumes and sets for important plays like "The Merchant of Venice" by William Shakespeare.

After finishing his studies in 1923, she founded the Werkstätten Bildender Kunst or "Workshops of Visual Arts" in Berlin together with Franz Singer, former partner of the Bauhaus.

In 1926 she returned to her hometown, Vienna, and there she founded a new studio, the Singer & Dicker, together with Franz Singer. Despite not having obtained any degree in architecture, in the new studio, they developed building projects, interior design and furniture, with which they won several awards.

In 1931, the Singer & Dicker studio fell apart and they began their solo careers. Friedl Dicker began to practice as an educator in Vienna and joined the anti-fascist movement. In 1934, she was arrested for developing activities related to communism.

After being released, she moved to Prague where Nazism was at its peak, something that would change the course of Friedl's life. She started with her textile works at the Spiegler & Sons factory and she, as a designer, received the award at the Vystava 38 Nachod exhibition.

In 1942, she received an order of deportation and in that same year she was transferred to Terezín, a town in the Czech Republic known for the concentration camp installed during her term during the Second World War, and in 1944 she was deported. Finally, Frield died at the age of 46, in the Auschwitz concentration camp.
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Franz Singer, (1896-1954). After attending a children's drawing course from 1905 to 1906 at the Vienna School of Applied Arts with Alfred Roller, Franz Singer trained with Felix Albrecht Harta from 1914 to 1915. After completing military service (1915-1917) he studied philosophy with Johannes Itten until 1919. Later moving to Johannes Itten's class at the Bauhaus in Weimar until 1923.

He had an active and intense professional relationship with Friedl Dicker. In 1923 they founded the fine arts studios in Berlin and in 1925 the architecture studio Singer & Dicker in Vienna-Alsergrund, Wasserburggasse 2.

In addition to his work as an architect in Vienna, following his break with Friedl Dicker, he moved to London in 1934 where he also worked as a consultant for John Lewis. In 1938 he tried to return to Austria but it was impossible due to the annexation to Nazi Germany, which on the other hand allowed him to escape the Nazi Holocaust.
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Published on: January 15, 2023
Cite: "A brilliant architect in a suffocating time. Friedl Dicker-Brandeis" METALOCUS. Accessed
<http://www.metalocus.es/en/news/a-brilliant-architect-a-suffocating-time-friedl-dicker-brandeis> ISSN 1139-6415
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